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Are We Empowering (Yet) or (Still) Just Enabling?
by Mark Payton

 

For ten years, I was the IT Director at a small independent boarding school. When we started our Tablet PC initiative in 2003, I began to keep a blog about various general issues we encountered, Tablet PC specific topics, and other musings about technology in schools.
 
A little over three years ago, I wrote a posting on the issue of Internet connectivity in classrooms and the very real downside of it, along with a suggestion for a means of countering that downside in a positive fashion that would benefit students in high school and beyond. Sadly, as far as I can tell, the key issue, which I believe ultimately requires a non-technical resolution, remains largely unaddressed. While we began to address it along the lines I discussed before I left the school, I left before it was fully implemented so even at that school the issue still remains and we do not know how successful this plan might have been.
 
Because it is as germane today as it was then, and because that blog was read by perhaps only a dozen or two people in total (counting my wife!), I am reposting it here largely in its original form. In my mind it is a critical issue as this seems to be a significant hindering factor in the acceptance of technology in the classroom. When college professors refuse to allow computers in class, it is a serious problem.
 
I hope that this topic generates hearty discussion here or elsewhere, especially in secondary schools, and, ultimately, some positive solutions to the problem. In fact, I would love for someone to tell me that they have solved the problem already!
 
(The following was originally posted March 30, 2005.)
 
I was talking with one of the teachers in our pilot program a few days ago. While he has come to appreciate the usefulness of the Tablet PC himself, he had some concerns about using Tablets in the classroom. Now this wasn't really something I wanted to hear from someone I am looking to as a leader going forward in our project. Fortunately, as we talked further about what has been going on the issue that came to light wasn't with the Tablets per se.
 
His concern wasn't that the Tablet PC was not useful academically (Phew!), but rather that students were using them to goof off in class. They would browse the Internet, play games or just doodle. Not many students, but a couple. A couple of others were distracted by those beside them, so the negative effect was compounded. In a small class, such as we have at the Academy, this could mean a third or more of the class wasn't paying attention. That's a big problem. It is actually several related problems, but I'll address the Internet access piece specifically.
 
In-class Internet isn't only a problem at the high school level, either. Stories abound of higher-ed classrooms where the teaching faculty will not allow notebook computers in their classes because of the same issues this teacher was describing. In articles I have read, students own up freely to shopping, browsing, playing games, IMing, even blogging about their class while in class. (A link originally included in the posting now appears to be broken. Other such articles can be found by searching.)
 
So how do we address what is essentially a non-technical problem? Is it really even a problem? Can't some students listen and comprehend better while their hands are engaged? (Being a chronic fidgeter myself, I can appreciate this argument.) Aren't students these days used to multi-tasking and are we just being old-fashioned in trying to squelch this behavior?
 
Some folks have argued that we shouldn't have computers in class, or at least wireless Internet, because this distraction is too big a hindrance to the learning process. Even though they might have to deal with this in college, that is not our problem nor is it our responsibility. The analogy was made that we don't teach our students to drink alcohol, but they will face that temptation in college. Isn't this just the same? While I do not advocate underage drinking, I would counter that the significant problem of binge drinking on college campuses indicates that maybe there is a problem with that whole line of reasoning.
 
My own thinking on this behavior has led me to the conclusion that the only real control of this activity is self-control. Teaching students this self-control is a mandatory part of the college prep process these days. With over 55% of higher ed campuses reporting strategic plans for wireless networks as of the fall of 2004, most of our students will have to deal with this distraction in college. By the time our freshmen graduate, I expect that this number will be significantly higher. (Source: The Campus Computing Project. http://www.campuscomputing.net/ View their 2004 summary report at http://www.campuscomputing.net/pdf/2004-CCP.pdf Newer data are available on this site, showing achievement of the 55% at private universities in 2005 and higher numbers still in 2006.) To prepare students for college means more than just giving them an academic base--they need to master many skills if they are to succeed, and learning when to turn off the internet for themselves is going be a key skill.
 
So how do we teach this skill? More importantly, how do we do it in a way that not only helps the students to learn, but minimizes the negative impact on the classes while the students are learning and failing in their efforts?
 
My colleague and I agreed that there needs to be a means of control, in the hands of the teachers, that will allow for the shutting off of Internet access during a class when necessary. Some, to be sure, will probably use this religiously so that there is no problem in class. It is their class, and they are entitled to do so.
 
On the other hand, if this is the only means of control that we have--on or off, whether by service (IM, HTTP, content filter, etc.) or completely--the opportunity to learn is severely diminished. We are teaching only control, not self-control.
 
We also agreed that there is a need for students to be able to fail so as to learn from their mistakes. But we don't want to create a situation where they can fail so completely that their academic standing is threatened. We are an environment that has a lot of supports and these need to be brought to bear in this case. Let the students fail enough so that they feel the consequences, but not so much that they can't recover. This is the major area where we differ from higher ed generally. By and large, a student at university is expected to stand or fall on his own. No one is there to hold his hand or pick her up when she falls. At least not in the same way.
 
We have to find a strategy that will allow us fairly granular control by student of various access privileges. Then we have to put together a plan whereby the student can rise (or drop) to his or her current best level, balancing control and self-control as appropriate, and the means to help them learn to rise. Ideally, by the time a senior graduates, he or she will have unfettered internet access throughout the day but will have the maturity and self-control to choose wisely when and when not to use it.
 
At this point, all I can say is that we are working on it. But the fact that we are working on finding the right solution is a Very Good Thing. Some day I hope I can write that we've found the holy grail on this issue. Until then, comments, discussion, disagreements and suggestions are always welcome.
 

 

Mark Payton has been involved in teaching off and on since 1981 when he taught his first kindergarten class. He has been involved in IT since 1983. Most recently he combined the two fields and was the IT Director and CS department chair for Vermont Academy, where he helped the school develop a one-to-one Tablet PC program.
  • Anonymous on Thu, 05/29/2008 - 19:50

    I work at a small independent school that has a one to one Mac program. We are an elementary school so perhaps the students are still following directions better, but we have not had such a difficult problem as you have described. One way I have dealt with the issue is to use Nettrekker. It is a browser that is created by educators and all site are for education only. One can select what kinds of site to look for, as in multimedia, interactive, grade levels, and tutorials. Within Nettrekker a teacher can make a class, you can only get into the class if the teacher gives you the password. I have classes on geometry, botany, physics and so on. The teacher searches for websites that focus on the topic being learned and with in the class site and bookmark them into the class site. The teacher can make a template where a description of the task and questions can be created and it is saved in the class site also. This cuts down on students straying and gives the websites needed to answer the questions. I have even had classes decide what they would like to study in botany and then write the questions and find the websites needed to answer those question. Then the other teams have to go to the class login and answer the questions. I have this to be very effective.

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